What is it about?Diabetic sugar is a chronic disease from the endocrine group.In all patients, improper glucose absorption occurs, leading to insufficiency of hormonal insulin, which may be relative or absolute.
What should food be?A balanced diet, including a large amount of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low -fat proteins and healthy fats, can help people with diabetes control blood sugar levels.
General Rules on the Power of Diabetes
Today, the frequency of diabetes is one of the most common problems in medicine.Statistics show that since 2013 the number of diagnosed patients has doubled.More than 425 million people are currently suffering from it.The prognosis, alas, is sad.In 10-12 years, the number of patients worldwide may be 629 million.
Diabetic sugar is a chronic disease from the endocrine group.In all patients, improper glucose absorption occurs, leading to insufficiency of hormonal insulin, which may be relative or absolute.
As a result, patients develop hyperglycemia, which is characterized by persistent high blood glucose.Diabetic sugar leads to a disorder of every type of metabolism, namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and water salts.
It is worth noting for what causes the disease develops.When a person has destruction or pancreatic cells destroy, type 1 diabetes mellitus begins to progress.Most often, in such a situation, an absolute deficiency of insulin occurs.Genetics can also play a role here, as well as various external factors - eating habits, viral diseases, violation of hygiene principles, etc.
With diabetes of the second type, insulin resistance develops.Within this type of insulin deficiency is relative.It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia.
Regardless of the type of disease, all patients have an increase in blood sugar.Cells have no carbohydrates because of their glucose resistance.That is, glucose, instead of entering the cage, just swims in the blood.
Every patient with diabetes should adhere to a diet prescribed by the attending physician.The patient should reduce carbohydrate load by 5-7 %, the amount of fat used should be increased.
Not so long ago, the feeding for diabetes meant the complete exclusion of simple carbohydrates.But today the diet of patients is made individually, calculated by kbzhu.From the diabetics themselves, you can often hear the following phrase: "With diabetes there are no strict prohibitions, there is only a healthy lifestyle."
The base for a diet is a glycemic index that indicates the suction rate of sugar.
The high glycemic index has a high content of simple carbohydrates.These include confectionery, sweet, cookies and more.That is, sugar is absorbed by them quickly enough.Bloodies, vegetables and fruits have a low index, respectively, the rate of suction when they use them decreases.This makes it possible for the pancreas to be easier to handle the load.
Important:The patient's diet should include products whose glycemic index is below 55. They are gradually divided and blood sugar levels virtually do not increase.
Each product has its own insulin index.This indicator shows how much insulin will be increased after eating.The value should be taken into account by each patient with diabetes in order to predict what the body's reaction to the use of certain foods will be, as well as to properly calculate the dose of insulin as a medicine, short and prolonged.The drug injections are prescribed by a doctor after a meal.
In fact, the patient is eaten, eating in any case will lead to the release of insulin.The development of insulin resistance is often determined by the number of so -called "insulin swings".The more, the greater the likelihood of resistance.The latter, in turn, leads to the development of type 2 diabetes. Let's give an example.
Many of us tend to believe that dairy and fermented dairy products, such as cottage cheese, yogurt, yogurt, are the perfect breakfast.In fact, all these products have a very high insulin index.In this way, the use of them forces the swing of the swing itself, which leads to a change in the patient's emotional origin, the bad mood and the irritability.
Below we will analyze the basis of diet for diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes Diet
Proper balanced diet for type 1 diabetes opens the following options: to reduce the risks of strokes, heart attacks and complications, maintain a normal level of blood glucose, increase the protective mechanisms of the immune system and get rid of excess weight.Subject to the diet recommended by the attending physician, the patient will feel good.
The basic rule is to control blood glucose levels, it should vary in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/l.The basic principles of nutrition are the following:
- More than 2 thousand kilocalories should not be consumed daily.
- Fraction power, in small portions.At least 5 meals a day.
- There should be no pure sucrose in the diet, this will maintain a normal glucose level.
- Most of the carbohydrates should be during the first half of the day.
- Abstinence from late dishes.
- The maximum exclusion of simple carbohydrates contained in baking, jams, confectionery and honey.
- Use of saccharin.Stevia is perfect here.It is important to give preference to natural composition products.
- Construction of insulin therapy graphics during food.Prolonged medicine is administered before meals, short effect - after.
- Maintaining the reporting of bread units.The value of each intake should not be higher than 8 bread.
If the patient has a history of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, he or she should be excluded from his diet, salted, smoked, fat (including bones), coffee, soda, alcohol, mushrooms, canned products.In other words, what contributes to the excessive secretion of enzymes should not be used as they affect the speed of carbohydrate absorption.
For diabetics, the products are divided into authorized and prohibited.The classification below should be taken into account when compiling a weekly menu.The competent approach will normalize blood glucose levels.Ignoring the recommendations of nutritionists can have sad consequences.
Continue Type 1 Diabetes Products:
- Baking prepared without yeast.For example, Lavash.
- Fruits and fruits.For example plum, cherry, citrus fruits, apples, pears.
- Soy products (tofu, milk).
- Cereals and cereals (barley, oatmeal, buckwheat).
- Vegetarian soups, including soup-puree.
- Drinks, including poor carbonated mineral water, groves, unsweetened compotes.
- Vegetables.For example onion, zucchini, black pepper, beets, carrots.
- Nuts.
- Nick -fed coffee, sugar -free tea.
Prohibited Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Products:
- Thick soups and broth.
- Pasta.
- Bakery.
- Confectionery.
- Sweets and chocolate.
- Fast food dishes, midfield products.
- Alcohol.A special ban is red dessert wine.
- Smoked, sharp, highly salted.
- Fatty meat, more special pork, lamb, duck.
- Fat fish.For example, mackerel.
It is important that the products in the diet have a minimal degree of processing during their preparation.
It is advisable to eat vegetables and fruits raw, but in stew, boiled or roasted - it is also acceptable.Fried food is not recommended by doctors.
If the patient is exercising, then during the period of intense workloads, the food can be regulated as the workout leads to more consumption of carbohydrates.
In order to avoid hyperglycemic coma, the patient in his diet is recommended to include vegetable products, which reduces blood glucose.This may be, for example, from a decoction of blueberries or rosehip tea.
Important:In the presence of a disease, the patient should adhere to an individual diet prescribed by the visitor-endocrinologist, not by general recommendations.If in a patient who makes insulin, the body mass index shows obesity, his daily calorie should be from 1200 to 1400 kcal.If there is no need for weight adjustment, the daily calorie rate increases.
Diet with type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes power is based on the following bases:
- Sugar substitutes are an alternative to refined carbohydrates.
- Proteins should be 20 %of diet, fat - 30 %, carbohydrates - 50 %.
- The consumption of animal fat should be reduced to 50 %.
The daily calorie rate depends on how much energy the patient spends during the day as well as his weight.There must be 5 meals, dishes for which they are cooked either steamed or served in cooked form.
Because diabetics have increased kidney sensitivity, you cannot overdo it with protein products.The diet should include those products that help improve fat metabolism.These include bran, flowers from the intent, vegetable oils, cereals, fermented dairy products.
To find out how effective the diet is, the patient is prescribed blood sugar tests at a certain frequency.The first fence of blood is made on an empty stomach, next for two hours.If the results differ from normal indicators, the doctor adjusts the patient's diet and also changes the dose of medicines.
Type 2 diabetes feed is not very different from the eating habits of people who adhere to a healthy lifestyle.Both these and others feed on small portions, but often.The recommended number of meals per day is 5, they include 3 main meals, each equal to 5-8 bread, and 2 snacks equal to 1-2 bread.
You cannot ignore breakfast, this is very important for rational dishes.It is necessary to eat at least every 4 hours, the last meal is no later than an hour and a half before bedtime.Following the above recommendations is an excellent prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, eye lesions (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), and the nervous system (neuropathy).
Useful diabetes mellitus products
Ginger
Ginger has a positive effect on metabolism, it normalizes the patient's blood sugar indicators and improves blood coagulation.It is advisable to use it daily.
Whole grains
Products such as whole grain bread, cinema seeds and brown rice prevent the development of diabetes.Normalizing the level of glucose in the blood due to their use can be explained by a sufficient amount in their composition of fiber.Since whole grains create a sugar -leap barrier, with a special desire to eat something with a high glycemic index, you should definitely add complex carbohydrates to the dish.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon helps to improve the sensitivity of cells to insulin.This spice is involved in regulating the level of insulin.In addition, it normalizes blood pressure, so it is recommended that you use it not only for diabetics but also for hypertension.
Citrus
All citrus fruits have antioxidants.They also normalize the level of insulin.
Nuts
Nuts contain a large amount of mono -saturated fat and magnesium.Statistics show that patients with diabetes who regularly eat nuts suffer less than others from glucose jumps.
Olive oil
The use of olive oil is an excellent prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system.In addition, the product regulates blood glucose levels.
Fish
Fish is the source of omega-3.These fatty acids should be a compulsory component of diet in diabetes.They synthesize red blood cells, as well as cell membranes, positively affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals with the body, reduce inflammation and prevent the development of insulin resistance.
Legume
Legumes are another stabilizer of glucose levels in the patient's blood.They have virtually no saturated fats that harm the cardiovascular system.
Green leafy vegetables
Salad leaves, spinach, all types of cabbage are at the heart of the diabetes diet.Such products are low -calorie, but at the same time contain sufficient amount of nutrients.The latter include vitamin C, beta-carotene and magnesium.These elements prevent the development of type 2 diabetes by 14 %.Recommended dose - 106 grams a day.
Prohibited Diabetes mellitus products
Today, doctors believe that it is not necessary to strictly restrict patients with diabetes in the diet.Patients can afford to feed delicious and varied, but there are a number of products that are still recommended to refrain, not only with diabetics, but also to all supporters of a healthy lifestyle.
Some fruits
Some fruits and dried fruits cause an increase in blood glucose.These include dried apricots, dates, figs, raisins, horma, melon, grapes, bananas.
Transfinery
Transfiners are rich in fast food menu, as well as margarine, confectionery.They harm not only health but also a figure.
Semi -closed products
Semi -closed products are prepared using additives such as flavors, stabilizers, aromatic amplifiers.It is especially not recommended to buy fish sticks, cutlets, meatballs, sausages, dumplings and sausage in stores.If you really want, it's better to prepare them yourself.
Thick food
Thick food provokes blood sugar.Diabetes power should not include ducks, pork, lamb, pork, mayonnaise and fat dairy products.
Bakery
The bake of Asso should also be turned off.It includes bakery products, muffins and cookies.
Sweetly
It is necessary to abandon the sugar in its pure form, as well as from products containing it in large quantities.Under the ban: ice cream, milk chocolate, marmalade, halva, sweet, sweet and other sweets.
Table 9 for Diabetes
In the first quarter of the twentieth century, 15 diets for diabetics and patients with other diseases were developed.Their authorship belongs to a well -known nutritionist.Despite the fact that his system is outdated today, it has not lost its efficiency, so many doctors still use it today.
Place for patients with type 2 diabetes - in 9 tables.Table 9 is based on the same principles used today: partial or complete rejection of fast carbohydrates, special attention to proteins and fiber.
The diet can still be used, although it was created more than 100 years ago, but endocrinologists make their own adjustments, depending on the patient's condition.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a consequence of a malformation of a pregnant woman pancreas.As a rule, this condition is easy to control.The basic rule is to eat rationally.
- Do not consume sugar, cakes, cakes, SDOBA, high sugar fruits, as well as replacement of sugar and products that contain it.
- BJU must have the following proportions - 30 %, 20 %, 50 %.
- It is necessary to drink 1.5 to 2 liters of pure drinking water daily.
- Include starch products in the diet, including cereals, legumes, battles, beets, radishes, as well as fermented dairy products.
- Fresh fruits are perfect for breakfast.
- The total number of meals is 5, 3 of which are the main and 2 snacks.
- Do not neglect the use of vitamins complexes for expectant mothers.
- To reduce sugar, drink a decoction of plants: celery, linji, lilacs, blueberries and beans.
- Refuse or limit caffeine in the diet.The number of tea and coffee portions should not exceed 2 daily.
Diabetes sugar in children
The main causes of the development of diabetes in children are hereditary predisposition or lack of rational nutrition.In the latter case, we are talking about abuse of simple carbohydrates and sweets.In some cases, diabetes in a child occurs as a result of mental or physical trauma.Treatment is chosen individually depending on the severity of the disease, the main role is played by eating and the introduction of insulin if we are talking about type 1 diabetes.
Feeding children in diabetes should include vegetables: cabbage, onion, spinach and garlic.There are fruits, but only those that contain a minimum amount of sugar.Low -fat meat, poultry and fish are also allowed.Provided dairy products - provided they have a low fat content.The acceptable spices that enhance the absorption of proteins are acceptable.
Confectionery and sweet fruits - under a strict ban.It is also recommended that rice be turned off.
Visiting doctors teach the parents of their minor patients to calculate the amount of bread units and the dose of insulin.Important: The earlier the child learns to do it independently, the better.
Alcohol for diabetes mellitus
Alcohol is recommended to limit strictly if it is not possible to completely abandon its use.How much alcohol can be caused by a patient with diabetes to be determined by the attending physician.
Alcohol in a small amount is acceptable, but it is important here to remember some things.
The more alcohol, the more calories in it.There are 710 kilocalories per 100 grams of pure alcohol and this is not much smaller than fat.Every alcoholic beverage also has energy value, it also has carbohydrates.A glass of beer is about 200 kilocalories and a glass of wine is about 100.
Why is it not recommended to drink alcohol?The thing is, it provokes sugar jumps and can lead to hypoglycaemia, that is, to a sharp decrease in glucose levels.When drinking alcohol, alcohol enters the liver, the organ consumes its energy to break the alcoholic molecules and forget that it must also release glucose.To prevent this, it is better to take alcohol while eating or immediately after meals.
By the way, some scientists believe that alcohol in reasonable quantities not only does not harm, but also there is little benefit to patients with type 2 diabetes.
It is important to remember that alcohol provokes the growth of glucose levels, its regular use can lead to the development of diabetes of the second type.
In addition, many medicines cannot be combined with alcohol.These include insulin and sulfonylmochevin.This combination can provoke severe hyperglycemia.
How to drink alcohol suffering from diabetes?
- Consider the calorie content of alcohol along with the usual diet.
- Preference for low calorie drinks that have few calories.
- Do not drink on an empty stomach.
- Eat alcohol.
- Control blood glucose levels.
- In a company where you drink alcohol, warn about your illness.Let people be willing to provide emergency assistance if necessary.
- Do not mix alcohol and medicines.